Cybercriminals look for vulnerabilities. Ethical hackers find them first. The role of a penetration tester is to protect organisations, systems and people from digital threats — before they strike.
In recent years, cyberattacks have become both more frequent and more sophisticated. Norwegian organisations face everything from phishing and ransomware to targeted intrusions. To meet these threats, you need experts who can think like an attacker — and act as a defender. That’s where ethical hackers come in.
“An ethical hacker thinks like an attacker but always acts as a defender. The goal is to identify weaknesses before criminals do, and help the organisation strengthen its security,” says Veronica Schmitt, Programme Manager for Digital Forensics and Incident Response at Noroff in Kristiansand.
What does an ethical hacker do?
Ethical hackers — often called penetration testers — assess networks, applications and systems to uncover vulnerabilities. The work involves running controlled, lawful tests, documenting findings and delivering clear, prioritised actions so teams can close security gaps.
A typical day might include mapping networks, analysing vulnerabilities, and simulating real-world attacks against websites or cloud platforms. After testing, you deliver a report with concrete recommendations so the organisation can strengthen its defences quickly.
Typical tasks
- Plan and execute controlled security tests
- Assess networks, applications and cloud environments
- Verify and document vulnerabilities
- Deliver clear reports with prioritised actions
How to become an ethical hacker
Your path starts with a solid understanding of IT and cybersecurity. You need technical depth, practical skills and critical thinking. Education and deliberate practice go hand in hand.
“To succeed, you must learn the methodology behind testing — and practise on realistic scenarios. We emphasise lab work, incident handling and case-based exercises that mirror real attacks,” says Schmitt.
A typical route into the field looks like this:
- Build your fundamentals: Study cybersecurity or IT infrastructure.
- Practise safely: Use labs, CTF competitions and sandboxes such as Kali Linux.
- Earn certifications: Combine theoretical knowledge with practical validation (see below).
- Create a portfolio: Document findings and reports (without sensitive data).
- Apply for junior roles: SOC analyst, pentest trainee or security-focused internships.
Education at Noroff
Noroff offers several study paths that build the competency you need for cybersecurity and ethical hacking. While we don’t offer a programme titled “Ethical Hacking”, multiple courses are directly relevant if you want to move into penetration testing.
Our programmes combine theory and practice. You’ll work in lab environments, analyse real-world cases and use the same tools and methodologies applied in industry. That means you can contribute in security teams from day one.
- Cyber Security (Bachelor) — broad security understanding and defence against digital threats.
- Digital Forensics & Incident Response (Bachelor) — incident handling, evidence collection and analysis.
- Network & IT Security (Vocational) — practical, operational skills that build momentum into SOC and junior roles.
Skills employers look for
It’s not only about “hacking” — it’s about understanding. Strong ethical hackers can read systems, spot patterns and communicate clearly. Core areas include:
- Operating systems and networks: Linux, Windows, TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP/S, VPNs
- Web and application security: OWASP Top 10, authentication and sessions
- Tools: Kali Linux, Nmap, Burp Suite, Metasploit, Wireshark
- Cloud security principles across AWS/Azure/GCP
- Reporting, collaboration and professional ethics
A growing career
Ethical hackers are in high demand across private and public sectors. Roles span consultancy, finance, health, defence and industry. Compensation typically rises with experience, certifications and responsibility.
Ready to get started?
If you enjoy finding weaknesses, solving complex problems and contributing to a safer digital society, this could be your path. Explore cybersecurity studies at Noroff, build your lab experience — and take the first steps towards your first penetration test.
Frequently asked questions
What does an ethical hacker do?
An ethical hacker performs controlled, lawful tests to uncover vulnerabilities in systems, networks and applications — and delivers clear, actionable recommendations.
What education do I need?
Studies in cybersecurity or IT infrastructure. At Noroff, you’ll get hands-on labs and case-based projects that reflect real industry practice.
Which certifications are useful?
CompTIA Security+ as a foundation, CEH for tools and methodology, and OSCP for practical, highly regarded pentesting skills.
Is ethical hacking legal?
Yes — when done with written permission and within agreed boundaries. Unauthorised testing is illegal.
What does the job market look like?
Demand is strong across Norway and internationally, in both private and public sectors. Experience and certifications accelerate career growth and pay.
IT studies at Noroff
Bachelor
Cyber Security
The programme provides comprehensive training in securing digital systems against online attacks, cybercrime and digital warfare. It equips students for careers focused on strengthening digital defences and protecting data and information.
Online
Kristiansand
Online+ Oslo/Bergen
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One-year programme
Cloud Foundations
This program offers practical education where you learn about physical infrastructure, server operations, and cloud technologies.
Online
Oslo, Bergen
Read more